So what is the difference between autograft and allograft reconstructions? Basically, the autograft is a tendon that is harvested from elsewhere in your own body and used as a replacement ACL. The ones that are typically used are part of the patellar tendon (it joins the kneecap to your shin) or a part of your hamstring. The allograft is a donor tendon from a cadaver, usually the achilles tendon is used.
I've been researching autografts and allografts for days now and there doesn't seem to be a clear favorite. The patellar autograft is often referred to as the "Gold Standard" for ACL repair, but research on other grafts is scant. Here is a summary of what I've found so far:
Allograft (Positives)
- Less pain in recovery as the surgery is just for reconstructing the ACL, there is no donor site.
- Rehab is much shorter as there is no donor site to rehabilitate.
- Surgery is quicker and less expensive.
Allograft (Negatives)
- Risk of disease transmission such as HIV, Hepatitis and more.
- Treatment of tendon for disease and preservation may weaken it.
- Takes longer for the tendon to vascularize (around 9 months).
- Higher failure rate than autografts.
- May not be sufficiently strong to endure frequent sporting
Patellar Autograft (Positives)
- Considered the "Gold Standard" by which other grafts are measured.
- No doubts about tissue quality or disease transmission.
- Quicker vascularization (around 3-4 months).
- Higher success rate.
Patellar Autograft (Negatives)
- More pain and rehabilitation required.
- Possible numbness at donor site
Here are some of the articles I read to come up with the list. Click on the links below to see, plenty of details here:
Graft Choices for ACL surgery
Risk of Disease in Your Allograft
A Systematic Review of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation
Graft Selection for ACL Reconstruction: A Level I Systematic Review Comparing Failure Rates and Functional Outcomes
Beliefs and Attitudes of Members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Regarding the Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
There is plenty more if you google as well, either you will find all the info useful or it will drive you crazy :)
Graft Choices for ACL surgery
Risk of Disease in Your Allograft
A Systematic Review of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation
Graft Selection for ACL Reconstruction: A Level I Systematic Review Comparing Failure Rates and Functional Outcomes
Beliefs and Attitudes of Members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Regarding the Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
There is plenty more if you google as well, either you will find all the info useful or it will drive you crazy :)
